Stonewall and Sylvia Rivera

Despite Stonewall being credited as one of the most influential and significant gay movement events it was hardly the first rebellion. While it is the most well known there were a number of significant raids, disturbances, and rebellions before Stonewall. To name a few there was San Francisco’s New Year’s Ball Raid in 1965, Compton’s Cafeteria Disturbance in 1966, and the Los Angeles Black Cat Raid in 1967 (Armstrong). Even for someone who may be aware of LGBTQ history, these events are rarely talked about. However, these events are excellent examples of how the LGBTQ community came together during the 60s and 70s in social situations like bars. These bars gave way to increased gender and sexual expression. Additionally, these social gatherings gave way to the gay liberation movement. It led to people coming together to talk about the injustices they faced and fight back against the humiliation they faced through police raids and laws.

All I really knew about Sylvia Rivera prior to this class was that she was a LGBTQ activist. Sylvia Rivera is known for throwing the first beer bottle that escalated the Stonewall riots (Brink). Sylvia was not known for being a “respectable queer.” She was poor, a transgender woman of color, a sex worker and she was hardly conventional. Sylvia herself faced rejection from the lesbian feminist movement which further displays how necessary it is for the feminist movement to be intersectional and include everyone, not just white cisgender women. Rather than focusing on issues like gay marriage, Sylvia focused on oppressed gay populations that were given even less of a voice at the time such as gay street workers. Even at the time, the gay movement predominantly focused on gay white cis man issues. People of different races, ethnicities, socioeconomic status’, and genders were often left out of the equation. Sylvia fought to give those marginalized groups more of a voice. (Untorelli Press).

  • Elizabeth A. Armstrong and Suzanna M. Crage, “Movements and Memory: The Making of the Stonewall Myth,” American Sociological Review 71, no. 5 (October 2006): 724-751.
  • Rebecca Vipond Brink, “The Soapbox: On the Stonewall Rebellions’ Trans History,” TheFrisky.com , June 6, 2014. http://www.thefrisky.com/2014-06-06/the-soapbox-on-thestonewall-rebellions-trans-history/?utm_source=share-fb&utm_medium=button .
  • Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries. Survival, Revolt, and Queer Antagonist Struggle, https://untorellipress.noblogs.org/files/2011/12/STAR-imposed.pdf .

‘Perversity to Diversity’ Research

I learned a lot about Rochester’s LGBTQ+ community from watching the documentary “Shoulders to Stand on” in class. Mainly, I learned about the Gay Liberation Front started at the University of Rochester in 1970. The Gay Liberation Front became so successful with Rochester community members that it was split into two groups. These two groups eventually came back together and  formed the Gay Alliance.

The exhibition described in the article ‘Perversity to Diversity’ Exhibit Causes Controversy at University of Rochester took place in 1991. I began my research by simply googling the articles title. This did not bring up much. I added multiple words such as University of Rochester and LGBTQ exhibit to my google search. Again, I did not find the original article. I then searched both the Democrat and Chronicle and the Campus Times for the article or mention of the exhibit. I did not find anything about the exhibit. I remembered from the documentary we watched in class, “Shoulders to Stand on,” that the Gay Alliance came out with a newsletter called The Empty Closet, so I googled “Susan Jordan,” who was the author, and “The Empty Closet“. I discovered that she was one of the people featured in the documentary as one of The Empty Closet’s editors. This led me to believe that the article was written in The Empty Closet. Finally, I googled “The Empty Closet” and “Perversity to Diversity.” A PDF of The Empty Closet came up from the University of Rochester River Campus Libraries. The PDF was of the issue that contained the article I was looking for.  In the top left corner the issue said April 1991. Therefore, the article and the exhibit both took place in 1991.

-PV